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Gamma Ray Lasers Get Closer

Many have tried and failed to stimulate isomeric isotopes into emitting  high energy photons enough  to serve as a gain medium and produce a coherent gamma ray  beam  that might serve as a laser for purposes civil and military. Princeton's Richard Wheeler surfaced the idea of matter-antimatter annihilation  in positronium serving this purpose decades ago, but only now have electron-positron molecules been observed to condense into quantum states of technological use in applications as diverse as space propulsion and medicine.

Spin exchange quenching of molecular species containing antimatter may lead to stable  Bose-Einstein condensates of  materials like Dipositronium, making possible stored energy densities vastly higher than today's, and coherent emission at wavelengths short enough to image -- and 'optically' pump-- nuclear quantum states, yielding  advances comparable to those stemming from the discovery of x-rays or nuclear magnetic resonance : Nature 449, 195-197  13 September  2007  

The production of molecular positronium

D. B. Cassidy¹ & A. P. Mills, Jr¹

It has been known for many years that an electron and its antiparticle, the positron, may together form a metastable hydrogen-like atom, known as positronium or Ps (ref. 1). In 1946, Wheeler speculated² that two Ps atoms may combine to form the di-positronium molecule (Ps₂), with a binding energy³ of 0.4 eV. More recently, this molecule has been studied theoretically⁴; however, because Ps has a short lifetime and it is difficult to obtain low-energy positrons in large numbers, Ps₂ has not previously been observed unambiguously⁵. Here we show that when intense positron bursts are implanted into a thin film of porous silica, Ps₂ is created on the internal pore surfaces. We found that molecule formation occurs much more efficiently than the competing process of spin exchange quenching, which appears to be suppressed in the confined pore geometry. This result experimentally confirms the existence of the Ps₂ molecule and paves the way for further multi-positronium work. Using similar techniques, but with a more intense positron source, we expect to increase the Ps density to the point where many thousands of atoms interact and can undergo a phase transition to form a Bose–Einstein condensate⁶. As a purely leptonic, macroscopic quantum matter–antimatter system this would be of interest in its own right, but it would also represent a milestone on the path to produce an annihilation gamma-ray laser⁷.

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